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- | ====== Biodiversity ====== | + | ====== Biodiversity |
- | No English translation, | + | //" |
+ | Biodiversity influences the performance of our ecosystems. The | ||
+ | progressive loss of biological diversity is dramatic. There are fewer | ||
+ | and fewer intact ecosystems. The creation and conservation of | ||
+ | biological diversity is essential for human life. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Relevance: | ||
+ | |||
+ | * covers the diversity of ecosystems, species and their mutual interrelationships, | ||
+ | * is a dynamic entity that has developed in ascending and descending order throughout the history of the earth. Human culture has also created biological diversity. Nevertheless, | ||
+ | * affects the productivity and resilience of ecosystems and is responsible for the maintenance of many ecosystem services. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nature' | ||
+ | the climate and purification of air as well as the regulation of the water balance and thus | ||
+ | also our supply of drinking water. Through the pollination of flowering plants, food is | ||
+ | supplied to us. It is responsible for the formation of fertile soil, our basis of life, for | ||
+ | photosynthesis and the circulation of substances. We are protected against extreme natural | ||
+ | events (e.g. floods, landslides) and by controlling pests. Nature provides us with food, raw | ||
+ | materials (e.g. wood, cotton) and biochemical/ | ||
+ | in case of illness and against pathogens. It lets us regenerate, experience, build. It pleases, | ||
+ | gives us stability and identity and satisfies our aesthetic feelings. | ||
+ | |||
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+ | ===== Strong endangerment ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **Worldwide**: | ||
+ | * **Germany** is home to approximately 48,000 animal species, 9,500 plant and 14,400 fungus species and 863 biotope types. 31 percent have been classified as endangered, four percent are already extinct, and about two thirds of the biotope types are endangered. | ||
+ | * **Northrhine-Westfalia**: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Causes of the loss of biodiversity ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The main causes of the endangerment of species and their habitats lie in the changed and | ||
+ | increasingly intensive human use of nature and landscape. | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Habitats are destroyed directly by overbuilding/ | ||
+ | * Habitats are overexploited and degraded by over-fertilization, | ||
+ | * The introduction of alien species can displace native species. | ||
+ | * An adaptation to the accelerated changes in environmental conditions caused by climate change is difficult or impossible for many species. The broad impact of this change has a profound impact on all ecosystems. | ||
+ | |||
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+ | ===== Conservation of biodiversity ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Measures to create and maintain biodiversity can be taken at the level of policy makers, | ||
+ | associations and individuals. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __International and national agreements / regulations for the protection of biodiversity__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, Rio, 1992) // Nagoya Protocol (2010): Report on | ||
+ | the Economic Benefits of Biodiversity (TEEB initiative), | ||
+ | Information on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Aichi Biodiversity Targets for | ||
+ | 2020 to Halt the Loss of Biodiversity and Measures for its Recovery) // UN Decade of | ||
+ | Biodiversity (2011-2020) | ||
+ | |||
+ | EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 (2011), National Biodiversity Strategies and at state level in D | ||
+ | (e.g. Biodiversity Strategy NRW, 2015) | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Measures to protect biodiversity__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Designation of protected areas as refuges for wild animal and plant species (in Germany, approx. 16 percent of the land area is strictly protected as a national park, biosphere reserve, nature reserve or FFH/ Natura 2000 area) | ||
+ | * Biotope protection and networking, also outside protected areas, by creating a diverse, richly structured, sustainably used agricultural landscape (e.g. preservation of extensively used grassland, reduction of the use of pesticides, fertilisers, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |{{: | ||
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+ | ===== What can the individual do? ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Design your own garden in a natural way, i.e. native, insect-friendly plant species, plant and structural diversity, pesticide-free. | ||
+ | * Support environmentally friendly agriculture by purchasing sustainably produced food (organic, regional, seasonal). | ||
+ | * Considerate behaviour in nature and involvement in nature conservation associations | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sources: | ||
+ | * www.lanuv.nrw.de | ||
+ | * www.bmu.de | ||
+ | * www.biodiversitaet-nrw.de |